Signal Processing in Biological
Structures
How
Does Information Reach the Brain?
How Does Selforganization Emerge?
Two different bio-information theories in
confrontation
Elapse-Time
(autoadaption)-Theory vs
Correlation-Theory
Autoadaptation
Theory
Correlation Theory
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scientific-
Sensualism
(Mach)
philosophical
radical constructivism (v.
Foerster)
realism
background
monism platonism
dualism
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fundamental
sensoric information
aquisition
deterministic or semi-deterministic
principles
There are neither points-in-time t(n)
nor
information aquisition
quantified
measurement-values
Time discreet sampling of time-continuous
Only elapse time patterns - deriving
from
signals - at any point-in-time t(n) - generates
phase trasitions - get
aquisited.
a measurement value featuring a real and
"Information" is deriving in a
secondary
quantified "information".
process by comparing and analyzing those patterns.
technologic
Autoadaptation Theorem (Bieramperl,
1999)
signal amplitudes
basis
elapse time measurement
time data comparation & covariance
analyzation
Fourier-Transformation & -Analyse
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technicistic
("Method to Generate
Self-Organizing
of A/D-converters (Digital Signal Processing)
few literature published, until about 1970 research &
development only in industrial & military hands, many
inventors & developers got expropriated and stolen;
Since about 1972 wide approval in cybernetics,
controlling & timing technology (Unbehauen, Caines)
Since about 1980 known as "sampling technology" -
a term used in computer-tech, measurement tech,
communication technology, robotic und KI
KI-main proponents are: Minsky, Hofstadter,
Moravec, McCarthy, Searle, Burgard and many more
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(bio-informatics)
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fundamental
The A.-theory prevailingly considers the brain to
be C.-theory prevailingly
considers the brain to be a
brain
function
a phaenotypical generated "working memory"
which genotypical generated
"program memory" consisting
got the ability to log and store elapse-times
deriving of innumerable program
parts (schemata), and which
of phase transitions of signal amplitudes,
generated has got the
ability to confirm randomly - via sensor/
by receptory/sensory stimuli. The time data
get
receptor - at a point-in-time t(n) aquired information
compared in the synapses. If high probability of
cova- by means of postsynaptic ESPS or ISPS
to evoke
riance, a "confiming status" get produced via
post- either
activating or inhibition (of muscles etc).
synaptic EPSP or IPSP which either evokes activating
or inhibition of connected nerve fibers, muscles etc.
The synaptic CNS-system`s attribute is to
generate Time
dependent correlation of informations can
contineously new complex elapse-time-patterns
which change the "schemata" and
generate new synaptic
get stored and compared. Only found covariant
patterns connections.
represent actual
"information".
The C.-Theorie prevailingly denies any synaptic
There is a tendency to improve pattern
covariance-
storing of aquired information. The theory considers
recognition contineously. Better and faster
recognition the generation of new
synapses and neuronal
otherwise improves adaptation, and optimizes
the
connections als "program expansion" in relation
phaenotyps` timing abilities. Consecutive
generation to new acquired
information, for which processing
of new synaptic and neuronal connections in the
brain the previos program
is not complex enough.
is likewise resulting of said tendency toward faster
and improves pattern-finding and -recognition. (This
is in a sense with Mach`s "thinking-economy".)
Generally, the A.-theory postulates: All what has
got Generally, the
C.-theory postulates: All what has
perceived in sensory/receptory manner has the
nature got perceived in
sensory/receptory manner has
of elapse times und is therefore NO primary &
directly the nature primary
& directly processable
processable measurement value or
"information"!
measurement value or "information".
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Signal
processing The frequency of the AP`s
(action potentials) or
EP`s According to
C.-theory, the EP ("electrotonic
in the
brain
(electronotonic potentials) - evoking from receptor
cell potential") or AP ("action potential" -
which is
(A short summary)
stimuli - serve for the identification of those
intensity- propagating along the cell
membrane or axon fiber
ranges where perceived stimulus are presently occuring.
to a synapse, if a stimulus occurs) is serving for
AP-speed (velocity of conduction along an
axon-fiber) the time discreet
sampling of each receptory/
determines the time-counting-rate with which the elapse
sensory-perceived time-contineous signal
times get acquired and stored by the synapses. This
is amplitude; and it therefore it
contains primary
done via vesicle filling time, Ca++ions flux time,
time processable and
quantified INFORMATION.
the vesicle requires to move towards a pore at the para-
crystalline vesicle-lattice and other significant
time- The
synapses - at which their presynaptic
dependent
synapse-parameters.
inputs the AP`s flow in - are prevailingly parts
Each synapse represents a complex time pulse generator, of a
superior "program memory" that comprises
time data memory, processor and time data
analyzer. the
entire brain. They have no time-storing or
The difference of a AP- or EP-velocity along an
axon analyzing
function.
fiber correlates to a different dynamic and/or
relative The
AP-frequency along the cell membrane or
velocity of the temporar/spatial movement. (A
stimulus axons correlates with the present
stimulus-
can occur under varying dynamic and relative
velocity intensity at the neuron cell.
(In consensus with
between the receptor`s position and the
object`s
A.-theory).
- respectively transmitter`s -
position).
The C.-theory postulates correlation of increasing
To enable the recognition of dynamic stimuli
under
probability of exocytoses (release of neuro-
changing temporar/spatial conditions, the
synapse
transmitters into the synaptic cleft) with intensity
adapts the time puls rate with which the elapse time
get of neuronal stimulus and higher
AP-frequency.
measured. In this way an autonomous adaption
of
But they cannot explain, why - though high and
elapse time patterns becomes
accomplished.
constant AP-frequency - an exocytosis can in one
If a presently aquired and synaptically stored
elapse case happen,
in another case not.
time pattern coincides approximately with an
elapse- According to
C.-theory, differences of AP-
time pattern previously acquired and stored,
the
propagation-velocities in the cell membranes
synapse releases the entire vesicle content
(neuro- (axons)
serve for the synchronization of exocytoses
transmitter molecules) into the synaptic cleft,
which in
different - spatial separated - neuronal systems.
triggers an EPSP or IPSP in the sub-synaptic membrane
"Temporal coincidence" (correlation) of exocytoses
or nerve fibers. This causes e.g. activating or
inhibition shall generate new neuronal
connections. In this
of a muscle. The receptory/sensory signal
amplitude way,
the short-term memory should be controlled,
in this way got "recognized" by the
brain.
and "consciousness" should be generated.
A multitude of such recognizing processes in different
brain regions and synaptic time pattern hierarchies leads
to "consciousness".
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Recent
situation The
autoadaptation theory - described in US
6172941 Neuro-physiology und
informatics during the 80ies
regarding
get more and more confirmed through the results
of
has proven the origin thesis of the C.-theory
verification/
informatic science and experimental brain
researches. (based on
shannons sampling), whereupon AP`s
falsification
are containing quantified information, to be untenable.
Already in 1972, D. Koshland /R. Macnab
experimen- All AP`s
propagate along the cell membranes nearly
tally proved that bacteria react upon temporal
gradients, congruent; independent of the signal
amplitude course
but not upon spatial gradients e.g. when they move away
of the stimulus.
from an attractant (or towards to) - see L.
Styrer`s
Indeed, proponents of the C.-theory are often referring
"biochemistry". Other literary sources
are:
that generation of information upon exclusive base of
"Bacteria Appear to Send Message To Each
Other"
sensoric v/t-acquisition (elapse time patterns) in the
Migrating birds navigate with inherent "watches" in
co- had not enough success. But they do not
appreciate
operation with extremely sensitive receptors.
Their
the fact, dass technicistic structures for elapse time
brains measure temporar gradients,
see:
representation of sensor signal amplidudes are
The assumption, that the time structure of a
stimulus nano-tech with relevant
features will prove elapse
has an influence to the brain`s function, is not
new.
time logging and analyzing futurely as superior.
This idea came up in the 50ies and entered into science
Indeed: technicistic structures can never operate
by the name "synchronization hypothesis" (D. O.
Hebb, competely free of redundancy; but the brain
can.
1949). But for a long time it remained without any
proof. One reason for this deficiency was the scientific
misinterpretation and mix-up of the terms
"synchro- A
very impertant point in the verification of both
nization" and
"auto-adaptation".
theories is the fact of conscious TIME PERCEPTION.
The difference of both terms got explicitly pointed
out How can TIME get perceived in the
brain if no synap-
In the 80ies and 90ies, Christoph v. d. Malsburg and time
takes place? The C.-theory has got no answer.
W. Singer rediscovered Hobbs hypothesis and
postu- Because: with
discreet sampling of signal amplitudes
latet their "correlations-theory" on base of the
con-
just THAT physical value cannot be measured and
temporary mechanicistic signal processing
knokledge.... quantified which is of MOST
IMPORTANCE!
The A.-theory, however, is a new revolutionary
theory On the other
hand:
that bases on advanced informatics knowledge. It
can If there is no
synaptic recording of single elapse
explain innummeral biological,
neuro-physiological
times, where is time perception (in neurobiologic
und psychological phenomenons, such
like:
sense) emerging from; as epi-phenomenon?
"Neurogenesis in the adult is involved in the
formation genom
research cannot explain or solve that
of trace memories",
see:
questions in successful manner . See:
"A zebrafish homologue of the chemokine
receptor
Cxcr4 is a germ-cell guidance
receptor":
view of correlationists, the results were unsatisfying.
they wrote:
The above mentioned auto-adaptive adjustment
of "beside
this, the way and manner HOW time intervals
synaptic elapse time counting rate to acquire
stimuli- get recorded and recalled by
the brain, is recently
patterns under relative movement and velocity
too, beyond
our state of knowledge"
(and to find covariant time patterns under
dynamic "Up to now
it has not been clarified, whether for tempo-
conditions) has been proven meanwhile
through
rary organization different but parallel occuring
serious researches,
see:
events only ONE inherent watch is sufficient; or
"Bidirectional synaptic plasticity in the
cerebellum-like - if
instead of this - the cooperation of a several
mammalian dorsal cochlear..."
inherent watches has to be taken into consideration"
Fundamentalistic US-correlationists meanwhile even
have critizied the manner of information-acquistion in
the brain as being a "method of the Stone Age".
http://science.orf.at/science/news/49206
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consequences
applicability to molecular/atomar structures
for the
physical
speaks well for the auto-adaptation-theory.
view of
universe
see e.g.:
"Crystal remembers sounds"
http://www.nature.com/nsu/020916/020916-19.html
A wide range of consequences for the physical
view of the universe has got pointed out in:
(see last chapter).
A.-theory postulates the existence of a
universal teleological tendency in the universe
that effects contrary to the 2. main sentence of
thermo dynamics.
Meanwhile some physicists have proven the
existence of such a tendency in the micro-cosmic
sphere.
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consequences
See last chapter of:
and
epistemology
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consequences
The autoadaption-theory does not support the
in regard to
the maintained
models and opinions of the trendy evolution
theory of
evolution theory. Rather, the
"intelligent Design"-theory (M. Behe).
If
a universal teleologic tendency to auto-adaption, auto-
emolution
or auto-optimization exists, such a principle
would
contineously retroact against "blind" selection
and
mutation (as a result of accidents)..
The
base-principle of auto-adaptation tries consecutively
to
improve and optimize the existant structures in the
universe;
and it eliminates emerging non-adaptive or
redundant
structures AT ONCE (and NOT under
probalistic "permission" of innumeral declining structures
for
long periods of time - to find out the "most-adaptive
info@sensortime.com
